1. 1778: British navigator Captain James Cook arrived in Hawaii for the first time. Cook's arrival marked the first recorded contact between the Hawaiian islands and the European world.

2. 1890: Lunalilo Home for elderly Hawaiians was established. The estate of Lunalilo, the only monarch elected by the Hawaiian people, was used to create a retirement home for the kūpuna (elders).

3. 1901: The Territory of Hawaii was officially established. The United States Congress passed the Organic Act of 1900, which abolished the Hawaiian monarchy and established the territory.

4. 1943: The Battle of Renya Gulf took place. The naval battle was fought during World War II and saw Japanese forces sink an American submarine, killing all 79 crew members onboard.

5. 1986: The lava flow from Kīlauea Volcano destroyed the town of Kalapana. The eruption of Kīlauea destroyed over 200 homes and reshaped the landscape of the Big Island of Hawaii.