1. Kamehameha III returned sovereignty to Hawaiians
On August 10, 1840, Kamehameha III officially declared Hawaiian sovereignty, restoring power to native Hawaiians after years of foreign influence and colonialism.

2. Honolulu became the capital city of Hawaii
On August 10, 1850, Honolulu was officially named the capital city of Hawaii. Prior to this, Lahaina on the island of Maui had served as the capital.

3. The first railway in Hawaii began operation
On August 10, 1878, the first railway in Hawaii began operations, connecting the sugarcane fields of Aiea with the port of Honolulu. This railway played a crucial role in the development of Hawaii's sugar industry.

4. Duke Kahanamoku won his first Olympic gold medal
On August 10, 1912, Duke Kahanamoku, a Hawaiian swimmer and surfer, won his first Olympic gold medal in Stockholm, Sweden. Kahanamoku went on to become one of the most famous athletes of his time and helped popularize surfing around the world.

5. Hawaii became the 50th US state
On August 10, 1959, Hawaii officially became the 50th state of the United States. This historic event marked the end of Hawaii's long journey towards statehood and represented a significant moment in American history.