1. Kansas entered the Union on August 15, 1861, as the 34th state in the USA. This followed months of conflict and uncertainty during the Civil War, as pro- and anti-slavery groups fought for control of the territory.

2. On August 15, 1870, the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway completed its first line through Kansas, connecting Topeka to the town of Burlingame. This helped to open up the state to trade and commerce, and spurred the development of towns and cities along the railway.

3. In 1903, the Kansas State Fair began on August 15 in Hutchinson. The fair, which still takes place annually, is one of the largest events in the state, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors every year to enjoy agricultural exhibits, livestock shows, and entertainment.

4. The first airplane flight in Kansas took place on August 15, 1910, in Topeka. The pilot, Walter Brookins, flew a Wright biplane over the city for eight minutes, reaching a height of 200 feet. This marked the beginning of aviation in the state, and spurred interest in airplane design and construction.

5. On August 15, 1930, the Marquette Cement Manufacturing Company in Chanute became the first company in the world to produce commercial-grade white cement. This was a major breakthrough in the construction industry, as white cement was highly sought after for its durability and aesthetic appeal.