1. On August 23, 1836, Texas President Sam Houston signed the Treaty of Velasco, officially ending the Texas Revolution and recognizing Texas as an independent republic.

2. On August 23, 1875, notorious outlaw John Wesley Hardin was arrested by Texas Rangers in Florida. Hardin had been on the run from the law for years and is said to have killed over 40 people during his criminal career.

3. On August 23, 1909, the first airplane flight in Texas took place in Houston. A French aviator named Louis Paulhan made a historic flight from the Houston Country Club to the Rice Institute, covering a distance of 11 miles.

4. On August 23, 1917, Camp Bowie was established near Fort Worth to train soldiers for World War I. The camp grew to become one of the largest military training centers in the country and played a vital role in preparing troops for the war effort.

5. On August 23, 1961, the University of Texas at Dallas was officially established. The university has since become a leading research institution and a hub for innovation and entrepreneurship in the state.