1. Vermont Becomes the 14th State: August 31, 1791, was a historic day for Vermont as it became the 14th state to join the Union. It was the first state to join after the original 13 colonies.

2. The Battle of Hubbarton: On August 31, 1777, the Battle of Hubbarton took place during the Revolutionary War. The American forces, led by General John Stark, defeated the British forces, securing an important victory for the Continental Army.

3. Bennington Battle Day: August 31 is celebrated as Bennington Battle Day in Vermont, in honor of the Battle of Bennington, a pivotal battle during the Revolutionary War. The battle took place on August 16, 1777, but due to a calendar discrepancy, Vermont celebrates it on August 31.

4. Vermont State Fair Begins: The Vermont State Fair, one of the largest agricultural fairs in New England, begins on August 31 and runs for 10 days. The fair features livestock exhibits, carnival rides, food vendors, and live music.

5. Vermont's First Railroad: On August 31, 1848, the first railroad in Vermont, the Vermont Central Railroad, was completed. The railroad connected Windsor and Burlington and played a significant role in the state's economic development.