1. In 1863, Confederate General Jo Shelby lead a surprise raid on Lawrence, Kansas, resulting in the deaths of over 150 Union soldiers and civilians. This event is known as the Lawrence Massacre.

2. In 1902, the Topeka State Journal reported on the first successful submarine dive on the Kansas River. The inventor, John Holland, had previously designed a submarine for the U.S. Navy.

3. In 1913, the Kansas State University basketball team won the school's first ever conference championship, defeating the University of Kansas. The game was played in front of a record crowd of 5,000 spectators.

4. In 1960, the first African American judge in Kansas, Wesley E. Brown, was appointed to the U.S. District Court for the District of Kansas. Brown served on the bench for over 50 years, retiring in 2013 at the age of 104.

5. In 1991, the unmanned spacecraft Galileo made its closest approach to Jupiter, carrying an instrument built by the University of Kansas. The "Dust Detector Instrument" measured the number, mass, and speed of particles in Jupiter's atmosphere.