1. In 1847, the Battle of Rio San Gabriel was fought between American forces commanded by General Stephen W. Kearny and Californio forces led by Andres Pico. The American victory was a significant event in the Mexican-American War, ultimately leading to California becoming a territory of the United States.

2. On January 13, 1942, a Japanese submarine launched a shell at the Elwood Oil Field near Goleta, California, becoming the first enemy attack on the United States mainland during World War II. The attack caused minor damage and no injuries.

3. In 1978, the Amador Valley Joint Union High School District in California became the first school district in the United States to require all students to pass a standardized test in order to graduate from high school. The test, known as the California High School Exit Exam, was implemented statewide in 2006.

4. On January 13, 1982, Air Florida Flight 90 crashed into the Potomac River in Washington D.C., killing 78 people on board. Among the victims was Priscilla Tirado, a 19-year-old from California who was returning home from visiting family in Florida.

5. In 1999, a landslide occurred in the San Bernardino Mountains near Lake Arrowhead, California, causing the historic Tudor House restaurant and music venue to slide down the hillside and partially collapse. The building was eventually restored and remains a popular attraction in the area.