1. On January 19, 1853, the Arkansas State Capitol building was destroyed by fire. The fire was caused by faulty heating equipment and destroyed the entire building, including state records and artwork. The current State Capitol building was completed in 1915.

2. In 1861, on January 19, Arkansas seceded from the Union and became a member of the Confederate States of America. The state played a significant role in the Civil War, and many battles were fought on Arkansas soil.

3. On January 19, 1957, the Little Rock Nine were allowed to attend Little Rock Central High School for the first time. This marked a major victory in the Civil Rights Movement as it challenged racial segregation in Arkansas and sparked national attention.

4. In 1938, on January 19, Arkansas Governor Carl Bailey signed the Arkansas Improvement Amendment. This amendment allowed for the issuance of bonds to improve the state's roads, bridges, and highways. It was an important step in modernizing the state's infrastructure.

5. On January 19, 1961, Governor Orval Faubus declared a state of emergency in Little Rock, Arkansas. This was in response to plans for peaceful protests by civil rights activists who were demanding desegregation in the city. The declaration resulted in the arrest of over 1,400 people, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.