1. On January 23, 1907, the 39th state of the United States, Alabama, was admitted to the Union. The state's capital, Montgomery, became the capital of the Confederacy during the Civil War.

2. On January 23, 1973, the Supreme Court decision in the landmark case, Roe v. Wade, legalized abortion in the United States. The decision was controversial and remains controversial to this day.

3. January 23, 1965, marks the day when the Voting Rights Act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson. The act was a landmark in the struggle for civil rights in the United States and helped to ensure that all citizens had the right to vote.

4. On January 23, 1862, the Battle of Mill Springs was fought in Kentucky. The battle was a Union victory and was significant because it prevented the Confederate army from advancing into Kentucky.

5. On January 23, 1927, the first transatlantic telephone call was made between New York City and London, England. The call lasted 7 minutes and was made possible by the use of new technology that allowed for long-distance communication over telephone lines.