1. On July 12, 1822, the Treaty of Castor Hill was signed between the United States government and the Kanza tribe. The treaty allowed for the sale of a large portion of Kanza land in what is now Kansas and Missouri, leading to significant displacement for the tribe.

2. In 1864, Confederate General Sterling Price led his troops through Kansas during the Civil War, engaging in several battles with Union forces in a failed attempt to capture the state. On July 12 of that year, Price's troops crossed the Kansas River near Topeka.

3. The first Kansas State Fair was held in Topeka on July 12, 1866. The event featured exhibits, livestock shows, and a variety of entertainment. Today, the Kansas State Fair is held annually in Hutchinson.

4. On July 12, 1933, a tornado struck the town of Scandia in north-central Kansas, causing significant damage to many buildings and homes. Despite the destruction, no one was killed in the tornado.

5. The famous Wichita State plane crash occurred on October 2, 1970, but its tragic aftermath continued into July of the following year. On July 12, 1971, the final victim of the crash, who had been in a coma since the accident, passed away. The crash claimed the lives of 31 people, including 14 members of the Wichita State University football team.