1. In 1864, during the American Civil War, Union forces led by William T. Sherman began their siege of Atlanta. The city would fall to Union forces on September 2, 1864, and the victory would play a crucial role in President Abraham Lincoln's reelection later that year.

2. On July 21, 1972, civil rights activist Hosea Williams led a group of 500 marchers from Fort Benning to Columbus, Georgia, to protest the treatment of soldiers during the Vietnam War. The march received national attention and helped to bring attention to the issues facing soldiers returning from the war.

3. In 1925, the famous Scopes Monkey Trial came to an end in Dayton, Tennessee. The trial, which involved the teaching of evolution in schools, had a significant impact on the debate over the separation of church and state in the United States. Georgia was a neighboring state to Tennessee and the trial was major news in Georgia at the time.

4. On July 21, 1831, the Cherokee Nation adopted a new constitution, which established a democratic government for the tribe. The constitution was modeled after that of the United States, and the Cherokee Nation became one of the first indigenous nations to adopt a written constitution.

5. In 1906, Juliette Gordon Low founded the Girl Scouts of the United States in Savannah, Georgia. The organization has since grown to include millions of members around the world and has become a powerful force for empowering girls and young women. Today, July 21 is recognized as National Girl Scout Leader's Day.