1. In 1915, the historic Santa Fe Depot was opened in Clovis, New Mexico. It served as a transportation hub for the city until 1960, when passenger service was discontinued. Today, the restored depot serves as the Clovis Area Transit System headquarters and a community meeting space.

2. On July 23, 1945, White Sands Proving Grounds (now White Sands Missile Range) in New Mexico became the site of the first atomic bomb test. The Trinity test, as it was known, was part of the Manhattan Project, a top-secret government program to develop the first atomic bomb.

3. The New Mexico state constitution was adopted on July 23, 1911. The document established the state's system of government, including the structure of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

4. On July 23, 1936, a group of 12 prisoners attempted a daring escape from the New Mexico State Penitentiary in Santa Fe. The attempted breakout was eventually foiled, and three of the inmates were killed in a shootout with guards.

5. In 1881, outlaw Billy the Kid was shot and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The notorious gunman had been on the run since escaping from jail earlier that year. Today, visitors can tour the Billy the Kid Museum in Fort Sumner to learn more about his life and legend.