1. In 1852, the first edition of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" was published in New York City. The novel, written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, had a significant impact on the abolitionist movement and helped to fuel the growing opposition to slavery in the United States.

2. In 1937, the American composer George Gershwin died in Los Angeles at the age of 38. Gershwin was known for his contributions to the Great American Songbook and composed many popular songs, including "Summertime" and "I Got Rhythm."

3. In 1946, the bikini made its debut at a fashion show in Paris. Although the revealing swimsuit was not initially popular in the United States, it eventually became a major trend in the 1950s and 1960s.

4. In 1963, the Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, opened a new wing that included exhibits on the history of the game and its players. The Hall of Fame, which was established in 1939, remains a major attraction for sports fans from around the world.

5. In 1997, the Pathfinder spacecraft landed on Mars, becoming the first successful Mars mission in more than 20 years. The mission was launched by NASA and collected valuable data on the Red Planet, paving the way for future missions and exploration.