1. The Battle of Black Jack: On June 23, 1856, abolitionist John Brown led a group of men in an armed conflict against pro-slavery forces in the town of Palmyra, Kansas. Although the battle only lasted a few hours, it is considered one of the first conflicts of the Bleeding Kansas period.

2. The First Kansas Colored Infantry: On June 23, 1862, General James Blunt issued orders to raise the First Kansas Colored Infantry, making it the first African American regiment to be recruited from a northern state during the Civil War.

3. The Santa Fe Trail: On June 23, 1829, William Becknell led a group of traders from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico, via a new trail that would become known as the Santa Fe Trail. This trail was an important trade route for many years and helped to establish Kansas as a hub for commerce in the region.

4. Prohibition in Kansas: On June 23, 1881, Kansas became the first state to prohibit the sale of alcohol. This law remained in effect until the repeal of Prohibition in 1933.

5. Dwight D. Eisenhower: On June 23, 1890, future president Dwight D. Eisenhower was born in Denison, Texas. Although he was not born in Kansas, Eisenhower moved to Abilene, Kansas, at a young age and considered it his hometown. The Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum is located in Abilene and is a popular tourist attraction.