1. In 1862, Lawrence, Kansas was attacked by Confederate guerrilla William Clarke Quantrill and his men, resulting in the deaths of nearly 200 civilians and Union soldiers. The raid is often referred to as the "Lawrence Massacre" and is considered one of the deadliest events of the American Civil War.

2. In 1904, the Menninger Clinic was founded in Topeka, Kansas. The clinic is known for its pioneering work in psychiatry and still operates as a leading mental health treatment center today.

3. In 1933, flooding from the Kansas River caused significant damage in Lawrence, Kansas. The flood was one of the worst in the city's history and led to the creation of levees and other flood control measures in the area.

4. In 1937, the first issue of the Topeka-based magazine "Dime Detective" was published. The magazine was a popular pulp fiction publication in the mid-20th century and is now considered a collector's item.

5. In 1964, a tornado ripped through the town of Dunlap, Kansas, killing 7 people and injuring dozens more. The tornado was part of a larger severe weather outbreak across the Midwest that caused significant damage in multiple states.