1. In 1893, the University of New Mexico was established as the state's flagship institution. It was originally located in Albuquerque and has since become a respected center for higher learning.

2. On October 21, 1864, Union troops under the command of General James H. Carleton seized New Mexico Confederate forces in the Battle of Adobe Walls. This victory helped secure New Mexico as a Union stronghold during the American Civil War.

3. On this date in 1981, the world's first commercial spaceflight was launched from White Sands Missile Range. The Space Shuttle Columbia embarked on its second mission, orbiting the Earth for two days before returning safely to the ground.

4. Famed photographer Ansel Adams, known for his iconic black-and-white landscapes, documented the Bandelier National Monument in northern New Mexico on October 21, 1941. His images of the ancient cliff dwellings and stunning natural vistas have become an important part of American history and art.

5. In 1976, the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta began its annual tradition of hot air balloon races and festivals. Today, the fiesta draws thousands of visitors from around the world, and remains one of New Mexico's most popular events.