1. The Battle of Gonzales: On September 23, 1835, Texian rebels successfully defended the town of Gonzales against a detachment of Mexican soldiers sent to confiscate a cannon. This small skirmish marked the beginning of the Texas Revolution.

2. The first African American postal clerk in Texas: On September 23, 1897, George W. Smith became the first African American postal clerk in Texas. He was appointed to work in the post office in Corsicana, and his appointment marked a significant milestone in the struggle for civil rights in the state.

3. The creation of NASA's Johnson Space Center: On September 23, 1961, President John F. Kennedy officially announced the creation of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston, which later became the Johnson Space Center. The center has been a hub for human spaceflight for more than half a century.

4. The Enron scandal: On September 23, 2001, Enron CEO Jeffrey Skilling resigned unexpectedly, just days before the company's accounting fraud was publicly revealed. The scandal ultimately led to the bankruptcy of Enron, one of the largest corporate collapses in American history.

5. The opening of the Dallas Arboretum: On September 23, 1984, the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden officially opened to the public. The 66-acre park is now one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city, featuring a variety of gardens, fountains, and sculptures.