1. In 1957, Governor J.P. Coleman banned the use of state resources to enforce integration of public schools, in defiance of federal law. This was part of Mississippi's opposition to the landmark Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education, which declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

2. In 2016, a civil rights historical marker was unveiled in Jackson to honor the 1961 Freedom Riders, who risked their lives to challenge segregation in interstate travel. Mississippi was a major site of violence against Freedom Riders, with several brutal attacks occurring in Jackson and other parts of the state.

3. On September 29, 1911, Samuel Oliver Crosby was born in Hattiesburg. Crosby was a pioneering African American journalist who helped expose the horrors of the Mississippi State Insane Hospital, where patients endured abuse, neglect, and unsanitary conditions. His reporting sparked reforms and led to the closure of the hospital.

4. In 1978, a group of prison inmates at Parchman Farm rioted after being denied access to legal materials. The riot lasted for several days and resulted in several injuries and one death. The incident highlighted the brutal and dehumanizing conditions at Parchman, which was known as one of the harshest prisons in the country.

5. On September 29, 1864, Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest led a raid on Athens, Alabama, which resulted in the capture of more than 100 Union soldiers and the burning of several buildings. Forrest was one of the most controversial figures of the Civil War, known for his brutal tactics and his association with the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction.