1. In 1853, a treaty was signed in Santa Fe between the United States and Mexico, which established the southern boundary of New Mexico as the Gila River.

2. On August 17, 1929, the first intercollegiate football game was played in Albuquerque between the University of New Mexico and New Mexico Agricultural College (now New Mexico State University).

3. The first public school in New Mexico opened on August 17, 1891 in Silver City. It was called the Silver City Public Schools and was initially made up of only two teachers who taught a total of 75 students.

4. On August 17, 1934, the U.S. Army established the White Sands Missile Range in southern New Mexico. The range has since played an important role in the development of missile technology, and is still in operation today.

5. The New Mexico State Fair, which is held annually in Albuquerque, traditionally begins on or around August 17. The fair features carnival rides, agricultural exhibits, concerts, and other attractions, and has been a popular event in the state for over 80 years.