On December 2, 1854:

1. The first territorial legislative assembly convened in Santa Fe, marking the establishment of New Mexico Territory. The Assembly was composed of 14 members who created a variety of laws, including those related to taxation, public education, and the establishment of a territorial capital.

2. The first issue of the New Mexico Daily Independent newspaper was published in Santa Fe. The paper, founded by William G. Ritch, was a staunch advocate for Republican Party policies and supported the Union during the Civil War.

3. President Theodore Roosevelt designated the Gila National Forest in southwestern New Mexico as a forest preserve, one of the earliest such designations in the country. The Gila is home to a wide range of wildlife and many unique plant and tree species.

4. The first flight of a hot air balloon in New Mexico took place in Albuquerque. The balloon, named "La Paloma," was piloted by Jean Marfaing and reached a height of 3,000 feet.

5. A magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck near Truth or Consequences, causing minor damage and shaking across much of central New Mexico. The quake was one of several to hit the region in the late 20th century and serves as a reminder of the state's ongoing seismic activity.