1. In 1909, the first airplane flight in Ohio occurred on October 23 when aviator Charles K. Hamilton flew his aircraft at the state fairgrounds. Hamilton was one of the earliest pioneers of flight and performed several aerial stunts during his demonstration.

2. On October 23, 1983, the Cincinnati Bengals set a franchise record for most points scored in a single game by defeating the New York Jets 58-48. Bengals quarterback Boomer Esiason threw for 490 yards and four touchdowns in the game, which remains one of the highest-scoring contests in NFL history.

3. Ohio State University celebrated its bicentennial on October 23, 1975. The university was founded in 1871 as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, but was renamed in 1878 to reflect its broader academic focus.

4. In 2002, Ohio-born astronaut and longtime senator John Glenn returned to space on October 23 aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. Glenn, who had been the first American to orbit the Earth in 1962, became the oldest person ever to travel to space at the age of 77.

5. The Cleveland Indians won their first World Series championship on October 23, 1948, by defeating the Boston Braves in six games. The team was led by pitcher Bob Lemon and outfielder Larry Doby, who became the first African American player to win a World Series ring.